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| 1493 |
| | | Columbus returns to Spain, landing at Palos with news of his great discoveries | |
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| 1497 |
| | | Henry VII commissions the Italian navigator John Cabot to cross the Atlantic in search of new territories for England | |
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| 1497 |
| | | John Cabot, searching for a trade route to China, probably reaches Newfoundland | |
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| 1498 |
| | | Vasco da Gama reaches the southern coast of India, at Calicut, after sailing across the Indian Ocean from east Africa | |
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| 1500 |
| | | Portuguese explorer Pedro Cabral, with a fleet of thirteen ships, makes landfall in Brazil | |
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| 1501 |
| | | Italian navigator Amerigo Vespucci sets sail from Lisbon to explore to the south of the New World | |
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| 1507 |
| | | The editor of a pamphlet proposes that the recently found continent should be named America after the explorer Amerigo Vespucci | |
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| 1513 |
| | | Vasco Núñez de Balboa reaches the Pacific coast and claims the ocean for the king of Spain | |
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| 1519 |
| | | Ferdinand Magellan and a small fleet depart from Seville, attempting to sail round the world | |
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| 1521 |
| | | Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan crosses the Pacific in ninety-nine days and reaches Guam | |
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